English Curriculum Delivery Practices of Filipino Assistant Language Teachers in Japan: An Input to an Instructional Leadership Model

This study investigated the instructional practices of Filipino Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs) in delivering the English language curriculum in Japanese elementary schools. Specifically, it sought to (1) describe the practices of Filipino ALTs in formulating instructional objectives, selecting subject matter, applying teaching methods and techniques, and implementing assessment and evaluation; (2) examine the effectiveness
of these practices; (3) identify the best practices employed in English instruction; and (4) develop an instructional leadership model as a framework for improving English language education and enhancing student learning outcomes. A descriptive qualitative research design was employed, involving 13 Filipino ALTs assigned across four Japanese prefectures: Shizuoka, Aichi, Nagano, and Saitama. Data were collected through classroom observations and interviews with both Filipino ALTs and Japanese teachers, and were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that Filipino ALTs contribute significantly to English language education by employing student-centered, culturally responsive, and adaptive strategies that promote engagement, motivation, and communicative competence. Collaboration with Japanese teachers was also found to enhance lesson planning, co-teaching, and alignment of assessments. However, challenges such as unclear role expectations, limited training opportunities, inadequate preparation time, and insufficient instructional resources were identified. In response, the study developed a Yin–Yang Inspired Instructional Leadership Model integrating the complementary perspectives of ALTs and Japanese teachers to ensure balanced and effective English instruction. The study recommends clarifying the roles of ALTs, strengthening collaboration and professional development, improving resource allocation, and fostering supportive institutional practices to sustain high-quality English language education in Japan.