The Filipino Personhood in COVID-19 Pandemic Short Stories

The study utilized descriptive and interpretive approaches to qualitative research to analyze and examine the narrative structure of eight (8) short stories in the light of Todorov’s Narrative Theory of Equilibrium and the personhood of the main characters using Covar’s theory of the Structure of Filipino Personhood. The findings revealed that all texts followed Todorov’s narrative structure, collectively suggesting that life follows a recurring cycle of stability, disruption, challenges, problem-solving, and eventual renewal. In examining the personhood of the main characters, the labas (outer self) represents societal or external roles, and the loob (inner self) reflects their emotional and mental state. At the same time, the lalim (depth) reveals the deeper psychological and moral layers that shape their growth and decisions. Furthermore, each main character undergoes a journey of self-growth that mirrors universal struggles and triumphs. The characters also embody Filipino values such as hiya (propriety/ dignity), utang na loob (gratitude), pakikisama (companionship), bahala na (determination), lakas ng loob (gut), pakikibaka (resistance), pakikiramdam or pakikipagkapwa-tao (shared inner perception), and kagandahang-loob (shared humanity). Consequently, teaching literature through Filipino cultural values enables students to personally connect with texts by relating to the characters’ experiences. This approach fosters a deeper understanding of narrative structure, character development, and Filipino values. While analyzing these elements can be challenging, it becomes engaging as students reflect on their own growth. Effective instruction relies on appropriate materials, sound teaching strategies, and creative assessment. To support this, the study provides suggested resources, strategies, activities, a sample lesson guide, and a Covarian Character Analysis Framework for teaching COVID-19 pandemic short stories.