Developing the Stakeholder Lifecycle Model (SLM) for Data Architecture in Higher Education: The Case of Philippine Normal University

As digital ecosystems develop, more colleges and universities are adopting integrated digital platforms for data management. Data serves as the foundation of information, and when effectively processed, it becomes a crucial asset for generating knowledge that informs evidence-based decision-making (Aggarao et al., 2022). The strategic importance of data in modern organizations is underscored by Smith et al. (2021), who describe data as "the new oil," emphasizing its role in shaping competitive advantage.

While higher education institutions transition into digital ecosystems, this study introduces the Stakeholder Lifecycle Model (SLM) as a conceptual framework for designing data architecture in higher education, using Philippine Normal University (PNU) as a case study. By aligning data architecture with the lifecycle stages of key stakeholders—students, faculty, and staff—the SLM offers a structured approach to strengthening data governance, improving institutional processes, and enhancing strategic decision-making. The model is designed to support scalable and interoperable data systems that effectively cater to both academic and administrative functions.

Furthermore, this study examined the institutional data landscape of the Philippine Normal University, intending to develop a student-centered data architecture model. The findings reveal that effective data governance in higher education requires a lifecycle-based approach—one that recognizes the student not merely as a data subject but as a stakeholder whose experience unfolds across distinct, interconnected stages. By aligning institutional data practices with the key phases of the student journey, the university can improve its ability to track performance, monitor success, and inform policy through structured, contextually grounded insights.

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