Development and Validation of Simulation-based Instructional Material on Force and Motion for Grade 9

Physics, whereas students find its concepts difficult, leading to misconceptions such as the idea that heavier objects fall faster (Fadaei & Mora, 2015). It is deeply rooted in the challenges the students face in understanding the concepts due to vernacular challenges (Liu & Fang, 2016). These misconceptions about its fundamental concepts may lead to further difficulty in learning physics, as most students only memorize and do not find relationships between them (Papakonstantinou & Skoumios, 2021). These problems often arise in traditional learning settings, where there is no integration of modern technology. As the world progresses, so does education, adapting and coping with technology, referred to as education 5.0. Integrating technology such as simulations in learning can improve students' conceptual understanding (Diola & Mistades, 2021). This study aims to develop and validate the interactive Simulation-Based Instructional Material (IM). To achieve this, the researchers will conduct Design and Development Research. The participants for this study will be the researchers who will design and develop the Simulation-Based IM integrated with the MATATAG Curriculum, with the guidance of physics experts for content, instructional design and technical/usability quality and technical experts for instructional design and technical/usability quality. The data collection and analysis will focus on two phases: (1) the design and development of the simulation-based IM and (2) the validation of the said IM. As the study concludes, it is expected to provide a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge in education and learning.